LinkageError instances in particular indicate critical class-related errors triggered during the class linking phase of the startup process, usually as a consequence of some post-compilation changes in the bytecode or the Java environment. This is because most of these errors occur as a result of abnormal conditions, often so severe that it is impossible to know or control what further execution of the program might do. An instance of the Error class (or any of its subclasses) is a throwable object that a program is not expected or advised to handle, but instead, should cause immediate termination of the program. This category of high level runtime errors in Java is represented by classes which are direct descendants of the class, including the class which denotes errors occurring during the aforementioned startup process. This allows for a certain category of errors to be captured and dealt with before the program effectively starts. Namely, there is a process of dynamic loading, linking, and initializing of classes and interfaces by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that occurs at the very beginning of execution of any Java application. In Java, some of these runtime errors (namely throwable objects which are not exceptions) are triggered at a very early stage, while the program is basically starting up. Runtime errors are, therefore, harder to detect and prevent than compile-time errors.
Runtime errors occur when a program is being executed and, in the case of compiled languages, after the program has been successfully compiled.
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